Gynaecologic oncology deals with cancers of the female reproductive organs, which include the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vagina and vulva. Early cancers often cause few symptoms, so screening and prompt checking of warning signs matter.

Warning signs include bleeding after menopause, bleeding between periods or after intercourse, persistent pelvic pain, abdominal swelling, unusual discharge and unexplained weight loss. Evaluation may involve a Pap smear, HPV testing, colposcopy, ultrasound, imaging and a tissue biopsy.

Treatment depends on the type and stage. It may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination, and the gynaecology team plans care together with the oncology department.

Apex offers the following gynaecological oncology services:

• Cervical Cancer Screening: Pap smear and HPV testing to find early changes, with colposcopy and biopsy for abnormal results so that treatment can begin before cancer develops.
• Evaluation of Abnormal Bleeding: Assessment of postmenopausal bleeding and irregular bleeding through ultrasound, endometrial sampling or hysteroscopy to exclude cancer of the womb lining.
• Ovarian Mass Assessment: Examination, ultrasound and blood tests to judge whether a cyst or mass is likely to be harmless, with surgery planned when it is suspicious.
• Coordinated Cancer Treatment: Joint planning with oncology colleagues for surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, along with follow-up and support for patients and families.