Endovascular surgery treats blood vessel disease from inside the vessel, through a small puncture in the groin, wrist or ankle. A thin tube (catheter) is guided to the problem under X-ray imaging, and tools such as balloons, stents, or stent-grafts are used to open, support, or repair the vessel.

At a vascular surgery hospital in Mumbai, this approach usually means smaller wounds, less pain and a shorter hospital stay than open surgery, but it is not right for every patient. Kidney function is checked beforehand because contrast dye is used. Risks include bleeding at the puncture site, vessel injury, kidney strain and the need for repeat procedures.

Care in this subspecialty includes:

• Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting: Opening of narrowed arteries and veins with a balloon and, where needed, a stent to restore blood flow and relieve pain.
• Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR): A stent graft placed inside the aorta to seal off an aneurysm, offered where the shape of the vessel and the patient's health make it suitable.
• Catheter-Based Clot Removal: Suction, mechanical removal or clot-dissolving medicine delivered through a catheter to clear a blocked artery or vein.
• Embolisation: Deliberate blocking of abnormal or bleeding vessels with small particles or coils, used for bleeding and certain vascular malformations.