Cardiac electrophysiology deals with the heart's electrical system, which controls the rate and rhythm of each beat. Faults can make the heart beat too fast, too slow or irregularly, causing palpitations, dizziness, fainting, breathlessness or, in some cases, sudden cardiac arrest.

Patients seeking a heart specialist in Mumbai for rhythm problems at Apex are asked about the pattern of symptoms, and the doctor arranges an ECG and often a Holter monitor to record the rhythm over a day or longer. Tilt table testing helps explain unexplained fainting. Some patients need an electrophysiology study, in which wires inside the heart map the abnormal circuit.

Treatment ranges from medicines to devices and catheter procedures. Patients with devices attend regular checks to review battery life and stored rhythm data.

Cardiac electrophysiology services include:

• Catheter Ablation: Radiofrequency (heat) or cryoablation (cold) applied through a catheter to destroy the small area causing an abnormal rhythm, often curing supraventricular tachycardia and some atrial fibrillation.
• Pacemaker Implantation: Standard and leadless pacemakers that support a slow or blocked heartbeat, chosen according to rhythm, age, activity and the patient's anatomy.
• ICD, S-ICD and CRT Devices: Defibrillators that stop dangerous rhythms by delivering shocks, and resynchronisation devices that help the two sides of a weak heartbeat work together.
• Cardioversion and Tilt Table Testing: Controlled electrical shock to restore normal rhythm and a supervised test that finds out why a patient faints.