Urologic oncology treats cancers of the kidney, bladder, prostate, testis and penis. Blood in the urine, pain in the flank, difficulty passing urine, a testicular lump and a raised PSA level are among the reasons for assessment.

Evaluation involves urine tests, ultrasound, CT or MRI, cystoscopy and biopsy. Surgery may remove the cancer entirely or partly, and treatment is chosen according to stage and the patient's health. Many urological cancers are treated with keyhole methods.

Urinary and sexual function can be affected, so patients are counselled about these outcomes, and rehabilitation exercises or medicines are offered where helpful.

Urologic oncology services at Apex include:

• Radical and Partial Nephrectomy: Removal of a kidney or only the part containing the tumour, to treat kidney cancer while protecting remaining kidney function when possible.
• Bladder Tumour Surgery: Endoscopic removal of early bladder tumours through the urethra, and removal of the bladder in selected invasive cases, with urinary diversion.
• Radical Prostatectomy: Removal of the prostate and nearby tissue for localised prostate cancer, with nerve preservation where it is safe, and advice on pelvic floor exercises.
• Testicular Cancer Surgery: Removal of the affected testis through the groin and, in selected cases, removal of lymph nodes, with follow-up scans and blood markers.