Movement disorders affect how smoothly and purposefully the body moves. They include Parkinson's disease, tremors, dystonia, in which muscles contract involuntarily, and tics. Symptoms range from a mild tremor in one hand to slowness, stiffness and falls that interfere with daily life.
Patients at Apex are assessed through observation of walking, posture, tremor, stiffness and speed of movement. The diagnosis in many movement disorders rests on the pattern of signs, as blood tests and scans are often normal. Imaging may be used to rule out other causes.

Parkinson's disease is treated mainly with medicines that replace or mimic dopamine, together with exercise and physiotherapy. Treatment is adjusted gradually as the condition changes. Some patients with advanced disease may be considered for other options.

Movement disorder services at Apex include:

• Parkinson's Disease Care: Diagnosis, medicine planning and long-term follow-up, with attention to tremor, stiffness, slowness, balance, sleep and mood.
• Tremor Evaluation: Assessment to distinguish Parkinson's tremor from essential tremor and other causes, since the treatment differs for each.
• Dystonia and Spasm Treatment: Medicines and, where suitable, botulinum toxin injections for involuntary muscle contractions, cramps and abnormal postures.
• Physiotherapy Guidance: Exercises to improve walking, balance and flexibility, and advice on preventing falls at home.