Total knee replacement is a surgical procedure that removes the damaged cartilage and bone surfaces of the knee joint worn down by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or post-traumatic degeneration and replaces them with metal and medical-grade plastic implant components. The procedure is considered when knee damage has progressed to a point where pain disrupts sleep, stairs become a daily obstacle and walking distances shorten month by month despite medication, physiotherapy and injections.

At Apex Group of Hospitals, total knee replacement is performed in dedicated operation theatres with laminar flow ventilation, which reduces airborne contamination during surgery. Both conventional and computer-navigated joint replacement are available. In navigated procedures, real-time tracking verifies implant alignment and joint balance against the patient's own bone geometry before the components are fixed in place a clinical consideration particularly relevant in knees with significant angular deformity. Three full-time orthopaedic consultants covering trauma, spine and joint replacement are available at any time across Apex facilities. Following surgery, a structured physiotherapy programme advances from protected early movement to active strength rebuilding and functional recovery, with the rehabilitation team monitoring progress at each stage.

How the Procedure Can Help

Total knee replacement has a well-established clinical record for reducing chronic joint pain and restoring walking function in patients with confirmed severe arthritis. Computer navigation at Apex supports accurate implant positioning, which matters for joint feel and long-term implant performance.

Risks and Considerations

The procedure is not appropriate for mild or moderate arthritis where non-surgical options remain viable. High-impact activities like running, jumping, and contact sports are generally avoided after replacement to protect implant longevity. Implants have a finite lifespan, and younger patients face a higher probability of requiring revision surgery in the future. Risks include infection, blood clots, stiffness, implant loosening over time and nerve injury, each discussed with the patient before consent.