Colonoscopy allows the doctor to examine the whole of the large bowel and the rectum with a long, flexible camera. It is advised for rectal bleeding, a lasting change in bowel habit, unexplained anaemia, chronic diarrhoea, suspected inflammatory bowel disease and screening for colorectal polyps and cancer. Many bowel cancers begin as polyps, which is why this test is valued for prevention as well as diagnosis.

Patients seeking a colonoscopy in Mumbai at Apex receive clear written instructions on bowel preparation. This step matters more than most people expect, because stool left in the bowel can hide polyps and small abnormalities. Preparation usually involves a modified diet and a laxative solution taken the day before. The doctor will also advise on medicines such as blood thinners and diabetes tablets.

The procedure is usually performed under sedation, so most patients feel little or no discomfort. The doctor passes the camera through the bowel, takes biopsies where needed and can remove polyps in the same session. The examination often takes about 30 to 60 minutes, depending on what is found. Patients are monitored afterwards until the sedation wears off and should arrange for someone to take them home.

How the Procedure Can Help

Colonoscopy gives a direct view of the entire colon. It allows biopsy of suspicious areas and removal of polyps, which can lower the risk of colorectal cancer. It is also central to diagnosing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and to checking how well treatment is working.

Risks and Considerations

Bloating and mild cramping are common for a few hours. Uncommon risks include bleeding, particularly after polyp removal, a tear in the bowel wall and reactions to sedation or bowel preparation. Patients with heart or kidney conditions need individual advice before preparation begins. Severe abdominal pain, fever or heavy bleeding afterwards needs urgent attention.